2. Which disciplines converge to explain aging?

Physics (thermodynamic constraints on self-maintenance), biology (natural selection tunes biological processes that oppose deleterious change within energetic and life-history trade-offs), chemistry (molecular damage and repair), and systems/complexity science (emergent processes, feedback loops, adaptive responses, resilience and failure) converge in the framing discussed in this piece, and more specifically in the deleteriome model of aging. The model was also inspired by learning theory and AI, particularly the idea that complex systems can be represented through latent states and trajectories rather than single variables.